Guides

Reference pages on algorithmic pricing and competition law: how collusion screens work, what the reinforcement learning evidence establishes, how US and EU law treat parallel pricing, and how to audit a pricing algorithm.

Can Pricing Algorithms Collude? What the Evidence Actually Establishes

Three different things get called algorithmic collusion: an algorithm used to carry out a human cartel, a hub-and-spoke

Do Pricing Algorithms Learn to Collude? What the Q-Learning Experiments Actually Show

In the most cited experiment in this literature, pairs of Q-learning agents in a simulated logit-demand duopoly converge

Collusion Screens Explained: How Economists Detect Cartels in Price and Bid Data

A collusion screen is a statistical test that flags markets whose price or bid patterns fit collusion better than compet

Algorithmic Pricing and the Agreement Requirement: US and EU Law Compared

Sherman Act section 1 and Article 101 TFEU both require an agreement, and conscious parallelism on its own is generally

How to Audit Your Pricing Algorithm for Antitrust Risk

A working audit procedure for pricing, revenue management and compliance teams. It covers the records to freeze before a